Initial Investment is a positive cost paid now. Year 1–9 returns are net cash flows received at the end of each year. Use one currency and scale for every amount. Negative yearly returns represent later outflows. Keep entries consecutive; use 0 for a year with no cash flow and leave only unused trailing years blank.
Interest or Inflation (%) is the annual discount rate r × 100; use r above −100%. Include any sale proceeds in the applicable year's return. The page adds no rent, sale proceeds, fees or taxes automatically. Clear Numbers clears yearly returns but retains rate and investment.
NPV = −Investment + Σ Returnt ÷ (1 + r)t“Real ROI” (%) = NPV ÷ Investment × 100
This is a discounted total ROI, not an annual rate or an undiscounted profit ratio. NPV is valued at today's date using your discount rate; inflation-adjusted interpretation depends on how you set that rate and the cash flows.
IRR approximates the rate making NPV zero by scanning −99% to 500% in 0.01 percentage-point steps. The closest result is shown even if no root exists; multiple roots are not detected. Ratings use fixed rules based on NPV, IRR minus the entered rate and a hard-coded 2.2-point benchmark; they are not current market comparisons.
Use thousands consistently: rate = 5%, investment = 500, returns of 20 in Years 1–8 and 600 in Year 9 → NPV = 16.03 and Real ROI = 3.21%. The final 600 is the complete Year 9 cash flow. If you also receive 20 rent that year, enter 620 instead. This page supports nine years.
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